Marino recognized that living things were physically open systems through which mass, energy, and information flowed continuously to sustain the communication and control signals necessary for life, and that the cybernetic signals were primarily electromagnetic, orchestrated by the brain, and cyclically conveyed information throughout the body.
In post-reductionist experiments on humans, rabbits, rats, mice, fish, and bacteriophages, Marino and co-workers used novel non-linear methods to measure the information content of cybernetic signals in the presence and absence of applied electromagnetic energy.
They showed that the electroencephalogram (EEG)—the cybernetic signal formed by dynamical electromagnetic interactions between brain cells—contained information regarding the precise times when a subject’s exposure to electromagnetic energy began and ended, and also contained information regarding the duration of the exposure.
Based on comparisons of information in the EEG recorded while electromagnetic energy was present and absent in a subject’s environment, they established that sensitivity to the man-made electromagnetic energy ubiquitously present in the environment is a universal property of the animal and human nervous systems.
In reductionist and post-reductionist experiments involving measurements of the information content of EEGs and other cybernetic signals, Marino and co-workers inferred facts regarding cellular, biochemical, and biophysical aspects of the biological effects caused by man-made electromagnetic energy. They showed that information regarding the presence of low-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic energy entered the nervous systems of humans and animals through specialized neurons located in the head, probably in the trigeminal nerve. Processing of the information occurred principally in the brain stem, mediated by glutamate and the NMDA receptor. Encoded information regarding the presence of cellphone energy included both the thermal consequence of high-frequency energy and the direct detection of the low-frequency pulse repetition rate.
They found that the electric component of low-frequency electromagnetic energy was a sufficient biophysical explanation for the observed encoding of information concerning the presence of the energy, and that the encoding process began about one thousandth of a second after the exposure was initiated. Based on physical theory, Marino and co-workers showed that the levels of both low-frequency and high-frequency man-made electromagnetic energy typically present in the human body were easily capable of overcoming the thermal noise naturally present in the membrane of the energy-detecting neurons.
Marino and co-workers showed that information regarding the presence of multiple sclerosis, the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, the existence of mood-related symptoms, and the identity of sleep periods when subjects were in REM sleep was transmitted to, from, and within the brain.
They presented evidence of the electrophysiological correlates of acupuncture points and meridians, thereby providing an objective cybernetic basis for the ancient Chinese practice of acupuncture healing.